abstract：:The aims of this study were: 1. To study the transfer of energy between the high bar and the gymnast. 2. To develop criteria from the utilisation of high bar elasticity and the utilisation of muscle capacity to assess the effectiveness of a movement solution. 3. To study the influence of varying segment movement upon ...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Arampatzis A,Brüggemann GP

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Among the most common causes of upper extremity fracture is a fall on the outstretched hand. Yet few data exist on the biomechanical factors which affect injury risk during this event. In this study, we measured impact forces during low-height (0-5 cm), forward falls onto the outstretched hand, and found that these ar...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Chiu J,Robinovitch SN

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We proposed a velocity control strategy for dynamic posture determination that underlay an optimization-based differential inverse kinematics (ODIK) approach for modeling three-dimensional (3-D) seated reaching movements. In this modeling approach, a four-segment seven-DOF linkage is employed to represent the torso an...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Zhang X,Kuo AD,Chaffin DB

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although micromechanical finite-element models are being increasingly used to help interpret the results of bio-mechanical tests, there has not yet been a systematic study of the numerical errors and uncertainties that occur with these methods. In this work, finite-element models of human L1 vertebra have been used to...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Ladd AJ,Kinney JH

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traumatic damage to the brainstem occurs frequently when the brain skull complex experiences injurious loading especially during those traumatic situations that produce diffuse axonal injury (DAI). DAI has been shown to be dependent on load direction and correlated with regional tissue deformation in response to rotat...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Arbogast KB,Margulies SS

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An arterial graft with a corrugated cylindrical cross-section has been proposed as a partial solution to the problem of elastic stiffness mismatch between conventional grafts and arterial tissue (Trescony et al., 1994, US Patent 5,282, 847 (granted February 1 1994)). A two-dimensional ring theory model and a finite el...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Stump DM,Hart VG,Tuttle SL

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper shows how information on the fatigue behaviour of microcracks can be obtained by the analysis of stiffness changes measured during cyclic loading. Relationships between crack length, growth rate and cyclic stress intensity were deduced, and compared with previous empirical equations. Results show that the c...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Taylor D

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of electromyographic measures, in concert with modeled or empirical representations of muscle physiology, is a common approach for estimation of muscle force. Existing models of the lumbar musculature have allowed model parameters to vary for an individual subject. While this approach improves apparent predict...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Nussbaum MA,Chaffin DB

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of the present study was to develop a Hill type muscle model that accounts for the effects of shortening history. For this purpose, a function was derived that relates force depression to starting length, shortening amplitude and contraction velocity. History parameters were determined from short-range isokine...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Meijer K,Grootenboer HJ,Koopman HF,van der Linden BJ,Huijing PA

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonconformity between the polyethylene liner and the metal shell may exist in modular acetabular components by design, due to manufacturing tolerances, or from locking mechanisms that attach the polyethylene liner to the metal shell. Relative motion at the liner/shell interface has been associated with backside wear, ...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Kurtz SM,Ochoa JA,White CV,Srivastav S,Cournoyer J

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A composite cushion acetabular cup for a total hip replacement has been designed and developed jointly by Leeds University and DePuy International. In order to assess the long-term performance of this novel design, two sets of simulator tests of more than 4 million cycles duration have been carried out with the cushio...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Bigsby RJ,Auger DD,Jin ZM,Dowson D,Hardaker CS,Fisher J

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteoarthritis (OA) is typically diagnosed in humans in its final stage when joint movement becomes painful. Clinical information about the onset and the mechanisms triggering the degenerative responses are virtually non-existent. However, research on animal models of experimental OA shows that joint adaptations assoc...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Hasler EM,Herzog W,Leonard TR,Stano A,Nguyen H

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In posturographic recordings, the center of pressure (COP) displacement does not accurately reflect migration of the gravity line (GL), the vertical line passing through the body's center of gravity, COG. Since the horizontal ground reaction force, Fx, is proportional to the horizontal acceleration of the COG its seco...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Zatsiorsky VM,King DL

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Information on the dynamic properties (joint stiffness, viscosity and limb inertia) of the human knee joint is scarce in the literature, especially for actively contracting knee musculature. A joint driving device was developed to apply small-amplitude random perturbations to the human knee at several flexion angles w...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Zhang LQ,Nuber G,Butler J,Bowen M,Rymer WZ

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A three-dimensional model of the lower limb containing 47 muscles was developed to study the differences between a two- and three-dimensional approach for determining internal loads, the role of the dynamic joint representation, and the behavior of different load-bearing criteria in walking and running. The problem of...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Glitsch U,Baumann W

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Repeated loading of the fingertips has been postulated to contribute to tendon and nerve disorders at the wrist during activities associated with prolonged fingertip loading such as typing. To fully understand the pathomechanics of these soft tissue disorders, the role of the fingertip pulp in attenuating the applied ...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Serina ER,Mote CD Jr,Rempel D

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The movements of the human jaw are controlled by the forces produced by the masticatory muscles. As the jaw moves, these muscles change in length and their force producing units, the sarcomeres, change in length simultaneously. The lengths and length changes of the sarcomeres are determinants for the forces they are a...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Koolstra JH,van Eijden TM

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Locations, magnitudes, and directions of pelvic muscle and acetabular contact forces are important to model the effects of abnormal conditions (e.g., deformity, surgery) of the hip accurately. Such data have not been reported previously. We computed the three-dimensional locations of all pelvic muscle and acetabular c...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Pedersen DR,Brand RA,Davy DT

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of microcracking in cortical bone as a toughening mechanism has been investigated in conjunction with the variation in fracture toughness with crack length. Fracture toughness tests were conducted on miniaturised compact tension specimens made from human and bovine cortical bone and the resultant microstructu...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Vashishth D,Behiri JC,Bonfield W

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A computer-controlled mechanical culture system was designed to investigate the interaction between mechanical stimuli and the metabolism of articular cartilage. The main features of this system include the following capabilities: (1) Accurately controlled static, permanent cyclic or intermittent cyclic mechanical loa...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Steinmeyer J

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this investigation was to determine how the moment arms and architecture of the wrist muscles influence their isometric moment-generating characteristics. A three-dimensional computer graphic model was developed that estimates the moment arms, maximum isometric forces, and maximum isometric flexion-exte...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Gonzalez RV,Buchanan TS,Delp SL

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To know the contributions of blood pressure induced stress to the progression of atherosclerosis and the rupture of atheroma, cross-sectional distributions of stresses in atherosclerotic walls were calculated by finite element method, using stress-strain data of aortic walls and atherosclerotic plaques obtained from h...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Hayashi K,Imai Y

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A simple method of recording the three-dimensional movements of the mandible together with up to 10 channels of other physiological data is described. The system is based on a commercially available device, the Cybermouse (IPC, Freemont, CA, U.S.A.), consisting of a lightweight ultrasonic emitter which can be attached...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Prinz JF

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancellous bone architecture and mechanics are intimately related. The trabecular architecture of cancellous bone is considered determined by its mechanical environment (Wolff's law), and the mechanical properties of cancellous bone are inversely determined by the trabecular architecture and material properties. Much ...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Odgaard A,Kabel J,van Rietbergen B,Dalstra M,Huiskes R

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tripping over obstacles is the most frequently mentioned causes of falls. Thus, this study was performed to test the hypotheses that when crossing obstacles, toe-obstacle clearance and the three-dimensional motions and moments at the hip, knee, and ankle of the trailing limb (limb crossing the obstacle last) increase ...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Chou LS,Draganich LF

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A device is described for measuring strength and power outputs of dynamic vertical lifts between heights of 0.4 and 2.2 m. The device is safe, robust, and easily transportable. It consists of a water-filled tube 2 m high and 200 mm internal diameter. The subject pulls vertically on a handle which is connected with fle...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Pinder AD,Grieve DW

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A subject, who had undergone surgery to replace one hip joint and the proximal half of the femur with an instrumented titanium implant, performed brief exercises whilst simultaneous measurements were made of compressive axial force in the implant using short-range wireless telemetry, ground reactions using a Kistler f...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Bassey EJ,Littlewood JJ,Taylor SJ

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data on articular cartilage thickness in the living are important for the design for computer models, aimed at preoperatively assessing the effect of surgical procedures on joint contact and load transmission, and for the calculation of cartilage material properties from its deformational behavior as determined during...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Eckstein F,Adam C,Sittek H,Becker C,Milz S,Schulte E,Reiser M,Putz R

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fatigue or stress fractures are an important clinical problem in humans as well as racehorses. An important question in this context is, when a bone experiences fatigue damage during extreme use, how much is it weakened compared to its original state? Since there are very limited data on this question and stress fract...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Martin RB,Gibson VA,Stover SM,Gibeling JC,Griffin LV

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Active tension developed while cardiac muscle shortens has been studied extensively under afterloaded isotonic or isovelocity conditions. However, these are not true in vivo loading conditions. To obtain more physiological loading, we controlled sarcomere length to follow the time courses that we observed previously i...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Guccione JM,Le Prell GS,de Tombe PP,Hunter WC

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:About one-third of older multiparous women are prone to stress urinary incontinence (SUI): unwanted urine loss during activities which suddenly raise intra-abdominal pressure. In this paper we describe and test a method for visualizing and analyzing the function of the urinary continence control system (CCS) under str...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Kim KJ,Ashton-Miller JA,Strohbehn K,DeLancey JO,Schultz AB

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For in vivo impact loadings administered under controlled initial conditions, it was hypothesized that larger initial knee angles (IKA) and softer impacting interfaces would reduce impact loading and initial leg stiffness. A human pendulum was used to deliver controlled impacts to the right foot of 21 subjects for thr...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Lafortune MA,Hennig EM,Lake MJ

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Overdistension of the urinary bladder, secondary to outlet obstruction, causes cellular changes in the bladder wall, including hypertrophy of the smooth muscle cells, which increase bladder mass. To investigate the effects of increased mass on the cystometrogram (CMG), we have developed two mathematical models. In the...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Damaser MS,Lehman SL

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nuclear magnetic resonance (MR) can be used to measure velocities in fluid flow using the technique of phase velocity mapping. Advantages of MR velocimetry include the simultaneous mapping of the entire flow field through a non-contacting, magnetic window. The phase velocity mapping technique assumes that velocity is ...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Siegel JM Jr,Oshinski JN,Pettigrew RI,Ku DN

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cultured cells subjected to fluid flow are exposed to mechanical forces and electrokinetic forces. The convective current establishes an electrokinetic force created by the flow-dependent transport of mobile ions in the media over the charged cell surfaces. This current can be expressed as a current density, the curre...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Hung CT,Allen FD,Pollack SR,Brighton CT

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new transducer was developed for in situ measurement of the force vector in a complex muscle. The transducer measures the magnitude, and the line of action of a force in a single plane. The dynamic range of the transducer is 0-5 N. This range includes the small forces developed by an active motor unit and the relati...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Turkawski SJ,van Ruijven LJ,van Kuyen M,Schreurs AW,Weijs WA

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to assess the potential influence of various physical or chemical treatments on bone grafts, and in particular, on femoral heads to be used as bone grafts, the mechanical symmetry of the femoral head was investigated. Pairs of proximal human femora were harvested and transversally sliced using a coordinate sy...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Banse X,Delloye C,Cornu O,Bourgois R

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gravity is a contributing force that is believed to influence strongly the control of limb movements since it affects sensory input and also contributes to task mechanics. By altering the relative contribution of gravitational force to the overall forces used to control pedaling at different body orientations, we test...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Brown DA,Kautz SA,Dairaghi CA

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper addresses the question of whether maximal vertical jump height depends on initial jumping posture. A direct dynamics computer simulation approach was used to avoid subject preference and practice effects. The human body was modeled as four rigid segments connected by ideal hinge joints, with movement constr...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Selbie WS,Caldwell GE

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper discusses the manner in which random Gaussian errors affect the determination of body segment kinematics. For the process of modelling rigid body (RB) motion, three types of kinematic errors, input, measured and theoretical, are identified. These correspond to errors in: the determination of three-dimension...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Ball KA,Pierrynowski MR

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00